Back حرب لبنان 2006 Arabic Guerra d'El Líbanu de 2006 AST Livan müharibəsi (2006) Azerbaijani لوبنان ساواشی (۲۰۰۶) AZB Другая ліванская вайна Byelorussian Лібанска-ізраільскі канфлікт 2006 году BE-X-OLD Израелско-ливанска война (2006) Bulgarian ২০০৬ লেবানন যুদ্ধ Bengali/Bangla Izraelsko-libanski sukob 2006. BS Guerra del Líban de 2006 Catalan

2006 Lebanon War

For other wars in Lebanon, see Lebanon War.

2006 Lebanon War
Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict, the Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the war on terror

Left: Dust rises after the impact of two bombs dropped during an IAF airstrike on Tyre, Lebanon.
Right: Smoke after a rocket launched by Hezbollah hit near the Bnai Zion Medical Center in Haifa, Israel
Date12 July – 14 August 2006[a]
(1 month and 2 days)
Location
Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights[7]
Result Inconclusive (see analysis)
Belligerents
 Israel

Hezbollah
Amal[1]
LCP[2]
PFLP-GC[3]
 Iran (Ynet report)[4]
ICU (U.N. report)[5][6]

 Lebanon
Commanders and leaders
Israel Ehud Olmert
(Prime Minister of Israel)
Israel Amir Peretz
Israel Dan Halutz
Israel Moshe Kaplinsky
Israel Udi Adam
Israel Eliezer Shkedi
Israel David Ben-Besht

Hassan Nasrallah
(Secretary-General of Hezbollah)
Imad Mughniyeh
Iran Qasem Soleimani[8][9][10][11]
Nabih Berri
Khaled Hadadi
Ahmed Jibril

Lebanon Michel Sleiman
Strength
Up to 10,000 soldiers by 2 August;[12]
30,000 soldiers in the last few days[13]		 Up to 1,000
(south of the Litani River)[14][15]
Casualties and losses

Israel Defense Forces:
Killed: 121 killed
Wounded: 1,244[16]
20[17] tanks damaged beyond repair (from ATGMs and IEDs)[18][19]
1 helicopter shot down, 3 lost in accidents[20][21][22][23]
1 corvette damaged[24][25] Israeli civilians:
Killed: 44[26][27]
Wounded: 1,384[28]

Foreign civilians:
2 dead[29]

Hezbollah fighters:
250 killed (Hezbollah and HRW estimates)
At least 600 killed and 800 wounded (Israeli estimates)
Captured: 4 fighters

Amal militia: 17 dead

LCP militia: 12 dead

PFLP-GC militia: 2 dead

Lebanese Armed Forces and Internal Security Forces: 43 dead[1]

Lebanese citizens (combatants included) and foreign civilians:
Dead:*
1,191 (Amnesty International)[30]
1,109 (including 250 Hezbollah fighters; Human Rights Watch)[31][32]
1,191 (Lebanese government est.)[33][34][35][36][37]
Wounded:
4,409

Foreign civilians:
51 dead[29]
25 wounded

United Nations:
5 dead
12 wounded[38]

* The Lebanese government did not differentiate between civilians and combatants in death toll figures.


For total casualty figures, see: Casualties of the 2006 Lebanon War

The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War[39] and known in Lebanon as the July War[1] (Arabic: حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (Hebrew: מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya),[40] was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights. The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The conflict started on 12 July 2006, and continued until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect in the morning on 14 August 2006, though it formally ended on 8 September 2006 when Israel lifted its naval blockade of Lebanon. Due to unprecedented Iranian military support to Hezbollah before and during the war,[41] some consider it the first round of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict, rather than a continuation of the Arab–Israeli conflict.[42]

The conflict was precipitated by the 2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid. On 12 July 2006, Hezbollah fighters fired rockets at Israeli border towns as a diversion for an anti-tank missile attack on two armored Humvees patrolling the Israeli side of the border fence.[43] The ambush left three soldiers dead. Two Israeli soldiers were captured and taken by Hezbollah to Lebanon.[43][44] Five more were killed in Lebanon, in a failed rescue attempt. Hezbollah demanded the release of Lebanese prisoners held by Israel in exchange for the release of the abducted soldiers.[45] Israel refused and responded with airstrikes and artillery fire on targets in Lebanon. Israel attacked both Hezbollah military targets and Lebanese civilian infrastructure, including Beirut's Rafic Hariri International Airport.[46] The IDF launched a ground invasion of Southern Lebanon. Israel also imposed an air-and-naval blockade.[47] Hezbollah then launched more rockets into northern Israel and engaged the IDF in guerrilla warfare from hardened positions.[48]

The conflict is believed to have killed between 1,191 and 1,300 Lebanese people,[49][50][51][52] and 165 Israelis.[53] It severely damaged Lebanese civil infrastructure, and displaced approximately one million Lebanese[54] and 300,000–500,000 Israelis.[55][56][57]

On 11 August 2006, the United Nations Security Council unanimously approved United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 (UNSCR 1701) in an effort to end the hostilities. The resolution, which was approved by both the Lebanese and Israeli governments the following days, called for disarmament of Hezbollah, for withdrawal of the IDF from Lebanon, and for the deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces and an enlarged United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in the south. UNIFIL was given an expanded mandate, including the ability to use force to ensure that their area of operations was not used for hostile activities, and to resist attempts by force to prevent them from discharging their duties.[58] The Lebanese Army began deploying in Southern Lebanon on 17 August 2006. The blockade was lifted on 8 September 2006.[59] On 1 October 2006, most Israeli troops withdrew from Lebanon, although the last of the troops continued to occupy the border-straddling village of Ghajar.[60] In the time since the enactment of UNSCR 1701 both the Lebanese government and UNIFIL have stated that they will not disarm Hezbollah.[61][62][63] The remains of the two captured soldiers, whose fates were unknown, were returned to Israel on 16 July 2008 as part of a prisoner exchange. Both Hezbollah and the Israeli government claimed victory,[64] while the Winograd Commission deemed the war a missed opportunity for Israel.[65]

  1. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference DailyStarTimeline was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Herbert Docena (17 August 2006). "Amid the bombs, unity is forged". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2011. The LCP ... has itself been very close to Hezbollah and fought alongside it in the frontlines in the south. According to Hadadeh, at least 12 LCP members and supporters died in the fighting.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^ "PFLP claims losses in IDF strike on Lebanon base". The Jerusalem Post. Associated Press. 6 August 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012.
  4. ^ Klein, Aaron (27 July 2006). "Iranian soldiers join Hizbullah in fighting". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  5. ^ Worth, Robert F. (15 November 2006). "U.N. Says Somalis Helped Hezbollah Fighters". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 October 2023. More than 700 Islamic militants from Somalia traveled to Lebanon in July to fight alongside Hezbollah in its war against Israel, a United Nations report says. The militia in Lebanon returned the favor by providing training and — through its patrons Iran and Syria — weapons to the Islamic alliance struggling for control of Somalia, it adds.
  6. ^ "Report: Over 700 Somalis fought with Hizbullah". The Jerusalem Post. 15 November 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  7. ^ Uzi Rubin. The Rocket Campaign against Israel during the 2006 Lebanon War. p. 12. The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies Bar-Ilan University
  8. ^ "Shadowy Iran commander Qassem Soleimani gives rare interview on 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war". 2 October 2019.
  9. ^ "General Soleimani Reveals Untold Facts of 2006 Lebanon War". 2 October 2019.
  10. ^ "Soleimani Reveals Details of Role He Played in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War". Asharq AL-awsat.
  11. ^ "روایت شهید "مغنیه" از نقش راهبردی سردار سلیمانی در جنگ ۳۳ روزه". 21 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Israel captures guerillas in Hezbollah hospital raid", USA Today, Beirut: reprinted from the Associated Press, 2 August 2006, retrieved 12 September 2015
  13. ^ "Some 30,000 Israeli troops in Lebanon – army radio". Yahoo! News. Reuters. 13 August 2006. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008.
  14. ^ Blanford, Nicholas (11 August 2006). "Hizbullah's resilience built on years of homework". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  15. ^ Harel and Issacharoff, p. 172
  16. ^ "The Final Winograd Commission report, pp. 598–610" (PDF) (in Hebrew). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013. 628 wounded according to Northern Command medical census of 9 November 2006 (The Final Winograd Commission Report, page 353)
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference books.google.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Rolling Thunder: A Century of tank Warfare (Pen and Sword, 14 November 2013), by Philip Kaplan, page 172
  19. ^ Cordesman & Sullivan 2007, p. 110"Only 5–6 of all types represented a lasting vehicle kill"
  20. ^ "Hezbollah Defies Israeli Pressure". BBC News. 21 July 2006.
  21. ^ Egozi, Arie (1 August 2006). "Israeli Air Power Falls Short As Offensive in Southern Lebanon Fails To Halt Hezbollah Rocket Attacks". Flight International. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008.
  22. ^ Hizbullah shoots down helicopter in southern Lebanon Hanan Greenberg Published: 08.12.06, 23:01, ynetnews
  23. ^ Crash grounds Israel helicopters Page last updated at 09:04 GMT, Thursday, 11 September 2008
  24. ^ Exclusive: Photos of navy ship hit during war revealed. YnetNews. 10.11.07
  25. ^ "Striking Deep Into Israel, Hamas Employs an Upgraded Arsenal" by Mark Mazzetti, The New York Times, 31 December 2008.
  26. ^ "State snubbed war victim, family says". ynetnews.com. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  27. ^ BBC News Online (8 March 2007). "PM 'says Israel pre-planned war'". Retrieved 9 March 2007.
  28. ^ "The Final Winograd Commission report, pp. 598–610" (PDF) (in Hebrew). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  29. ^ a b See Casualties of the 2006 Lebanon War#Foreign civilian casualties in Israel and Casualties of the 2006 Lebanon War#Foreign civilian casualties in Lebanon for a complete and adequately sourced list
  30. ^ "Lebanon – Amnesty International Report 2007". Human Rights in Lebanese Republic. Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015.
  31. ^ Why They Died: Civilian Casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 War, Human Rights Watch, September 2007
  32. ^ Gross, Michael; Gross, Michael L. (2010). Moral Dilemmas of Modern War: Torture, Assassination, and Blackmail in an Age of Asymmetric Conflict. Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-521-86615-6.
  33. ^ Israel/Lebanon: Out of all proportion – civilians bear the brunt of the war, Amnesty International, November 2006.
  34. ^ "Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of March 2006 entitled "Human Rights Council"" (PDF). United Nations Human Rights Council. 23 November 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2013.
  35. ^ McRae, D.M.; De Mestral, A.L.C. (2010). The Canadian Yearbook of International Law. UBC Press. ISBN 9780774859172.
  36. ^ SIPRI Yearbook 2007: Armaments, Disarmament, And International Security, Oxford University Press, page 69.
  37. ^ Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law:Volume 9; Volume 2006. T.M.C Asser Press. 2006. ISBN 978-90-6704-269-7.
  38. ^ "United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)". United Nations. 6 August 2009. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  39. ^ Arkin, William M. (July 2007). "Divining Victory: Airpower in the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War". Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  40. ^ See, e.g., Yaakov Katz, "Halutz officers discuss war strategy," The Jerusalem Post, 5 September 2006, p. 2
  41. ^ "Iranian complicity in the present Lebanese crisis-July–Aug 2006". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 August 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  42. ^ Zisser, Eyal (May 2011). "Iranian Involvement in Lebanon" (PDF). Military and Strategic Affairs. 3 (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  43. ^ a b "Clashes spread to Lebanon as Hezbollah raids Israel". International Herald Tribune. 12 July 2006. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009.
  44. ^ "Israel buries soldiers recovered in prisoner swap". ABC News. ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 18 July 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  45. ^ Myre, Greg; Erlanger, Steven (13 July 2006). "Israelis Enter Lebanon After Attacks". The New York Times.
  46. ^ "Israeli warplanes hit Beirut suburb". CNN. 14 July 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  47. ^ Cody, Edward (24 August 2006). "Lebanese Premier Seeks U.S. Help in Lifting Blockade". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  48. ^ Urquhart, Conal (11 August 2006). "Computerised weaponry and high morale". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 30 August 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
  49. ^ "Cloud of Syria's war hangs over Lebanese cleric's death". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  50. ^ Reuters, 12 September 2006; Al-Hayat (London), 13 September 2006
  51. ^ "Country Report—Lebanon," The Economist Intelligence Unit, no. 4 (2006), pp. 3–6.
  52. ^ "Lebanon Death Toll Hits 1,300", by Robert Fisk, 17 August 2006, The Independent
  53. ^ Israel Vs. Iran: The Shadow War, by Yaakov Katz, (NY 2012), page 17
  54. ^ "Lebanon Under Siege". Lebanon Higher Relief Council. 2007. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007.
  55. ^ Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (12 July 2006). "Hizbullah attacks northern Israel and Israel's response"; retrieved 5 March 2007.
  56. ^ "Middle East crisis: Facts and Figures". BBC News. 31 August 2006. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  57. ^ "Israel says it will relinquish positions to Lebanese army". USA Today. 15 August 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  58. ^ "Lebanon: UN peacekeepers lay out rules of engagement, including use of force". UN News Centre. 3 October 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  59. ^ Pannell, Ian (9 September 2006). "Lebanon breathes after the blockade". BBC News. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  60. ^ "UN peacekeepers: Israeli troops still in Lebanon". CNN. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  61. ^ Spiegel Online (16 August 2006). "Who Will Disarm Hezbollah?". Retrieved 10 January 2007.
  62. ^ People's Daily Online (19 August 2006). "Indonesia refuses to help disarm Hezbollah in Lebanon". Retrieved 10 January 2007.
  63. ^ "UN commander says his troops will not disarm Hezbollah". International Herald Tribune. 18 September 2006. Archived from the original on 14 February 2007.
  64. ^ Hassan Nasrallah (22 September 2006). "Sayyed Nasrallah Speech on the Divine Victory Rally in Beirut on 22-09-2006". al-Ahed magazine. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  65. ^ "English Summary of the Winograd Commission Report". The New York Times. 30 January 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2020.


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